The Works Of William Shakespeare And Sir Philip Sidney

Edmund Spenser was a notorious English poet known for writing the long allegorical poem The Faerie Queen. Born into a family of very little wealth he was enrolled into the Merchant Taylors’ grammar school. He later went on to study at the University of Cambridge where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1573. The time he spent at Cambridge was undoubtly very crucial for the acquisition of his wide knowledge not only of the Latin and some of the Greek classics but also of the Italian, French, and English Literature of his own and earlier times. Without the Roman epic poet Virgil’s Aeneid, the 15th-century Italian Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando furioso, and, later, Torquato Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata (1581), Spenser could not have written his heroic, or epic, poem The Faerie Queene. The corpus of Spenser can be discussed in the context of the works of William Shakespeare and Sir Philip Sidney. The three share an influence in the same popular Renaissance literary genre, Pastoral, which can be depicted as an idealized vision of a simpler, rural life and a longing for a lost world of innocence. Much happened in the time of the Renaissance, including Reformation and an epidemic so it made sense to want to write about less complex ways of living as a way to â€Å"escape† reality. In The Faerie Queen, Spenser writes with the intent to show young men what better virtues to cultivate in their lives. He does an excellent job doing this by his use of symbolism and descriptive imagery.Show MoreRelatedElizabethan Poetry Essay582 Words   |  3 PagesSurrey In 1557 Tottel printed A Miscellany of Uncertain Authors commonly known as Tottels Miscellany. Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503 - 42) and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1517-47) made valuable contributions to this anthology. Wyatt transplanted the sonnet form from Italy to England.Both Wyatt and Surrey wrote sonnets based on the Petrarchan model, the form which immortalized by Shakespeare and Milton. They brought the theme romantic personal love in poetry to Britain. Surrey translated the AeneidRead MoreShakespeares Definition of Love in Sonnet Number 116 and 130883 Words   |  4 Pagesprovide a good look at what Shakespeare himself defines as love. The former describes the ever-enduring nature of true love, while the latter gives an example of this ideal love through the description of a woman who many call the â€Å"Dark Lady†. Through the combination of these two sonnets Shakespeare provides a consistent picture of what love should be like in order to â€Å"bear it out even to t he edge of doom†(116, Ln: 12). To me the tern â€Å"maker† used by Sir Philip Sidney to describe the poets firstRead More Sonnets 18 and 130: Defending and Defying the Petrarchan Convention1241 Words   |  5 Pageselaborate comparisons of his beloved to one or more very dissimilar things. Such hyperbole was often used to idolize a mistress while lamenting her cruelty. Shakespeare, in Sonnet 18, conforms somewhat to this custom of love poetry, but later breaks out of the mold entirely, writing his clearly anti-Petrarchan work, Sonnet 130. In Sonnet 18, Shakespeare employs a Petrarchan conceit to immortalize his beloved. He initiates the extended metaphor in the first line of the sonnet by posing the rhetoricalRead MorePeriods of English Literature1515 Words   |  7 Pagessave his kingdom. King Alfred, of the West Saxons, is the veritable â€Å"Father of English Prose†. During the Viking invasions, it was Alfred who saved the Anglo-Saxon culture. He was a great leader and, along with his scholars, translated many Latin works into the language of the West Saxons. Alfred established schools, rebuilt the country, and attracted scholars and learned men. It was after this period of wars and fighting that England really began to develop itself, moulded into the country thatRead MoreThe Changing Face of Love in English Literature1528 Words   |  7 Pagesthey attempt to win the favor of a woman that neither has ever met. I examined two medieval works to compare the theme of love within these works and the overwhelming consensus of the two works was that love is a danger and a distraction. I first examined â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†. The lady who seduces Sir Gawain and gives him the green corset is only present to weaken and betray the knight. Sir Gawain expounds at the end of the tale that much like Adam, Samson and David, he too was misledRead MoreEssay on Who Was The True Shakespeare? 1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe Shakespeare name is known by almost everyone. The true identity of the great writer is still a mystery. There isn’t a single picture to portray the true identity of Shakespeare. When you look at the pictures they are different and resemble someone else. We know that he was a well educated business man, knowledgeable in the law and Royalty just for starters. The man credited with the works doesn’t poses these qualities. Over the years, more people as k the same question, who was the trueRead MoreCompare and contrast Sir Phillip Sidneys Astrophil and Stella (sonnet # 47) and William Shakespeares sonnet # 12441 Words   |  10 PagesThe Strange Thing Called Love Despite the complexity of the sonnets that William Shakespeare and Sir Philip Sidney create, one is left with a feeling of total admiration for the rich language in each poem that forces its reader to pay very close attention to detail. The sonnets differ in the focus of metaphors for love and how this passion affects the poets; however, both of the poems intrigue their audience through their integration of ornate imagery in their portrayal of beauty and love. ThereRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare occupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed loversRead MorePastoral Poetry, By Terry Gifford881 Words   |  4 PagesA literary work (as poem or play) deals with shepherd or rural life usually in an artificial manner and typically drawing a contrast between innocence and serenity of the simple life and the misery and corruption of city and especially court life. It is more idealistic rather than realistic. 1.6 SOME PASTORAL LITERATURE We have many pastoral examples in the world of literature out of which Hesiod s â€Å"Works and Days† presents a golden age when people lived together and used to work in harmonyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Poetry Of Love1612 Words   |  7 Pageswill focus on the poetry of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was a world-renowned poet and playwright. Shakespeare had a romantic heart and his poetry is shaped by love. His poems usually depict the passion and sacredness of relationships. By comparing two poems from William Shakespeare it is shown how he has been able to articulate the poetic theme of love. This seminar will analyze and explore two of Shakespeare’s poems focusing on the particular theme of love. Shakespeare deals with deep and enduring

Oedipus the King A Tragic Hero Essay example - 694 Words

Sophocles said that a man should never consider himself fortunate unless he can look back on his life and remember that life without pain. For Oedipus Rex, looking back is impossible to do without pain, a pain that stems from his prideful life. Oedipus is aware that he alone is responsible for his actions. He freely chooses to pursue and eventually accept his own lifes destruction. Although fate victimizes Oedipus, he is a tragic figure since his own heroic qualities, his loyalty to Thebes, and his undying quest for the truth ruin him. Oedipus’ pride, drawn from his own heroic qualities, is one factor of his ruining. A hero characteristically prizes above all else his honor and the excellence of his life. When his honor†¦show more content†¦Oedipus also displays this uncompromising attitude in his devotion to Thebes. Oedipus loyalty to Thebes is another factor that led to the tragic figures ruin. Aristotle explains that a tragic character is just and good, but fatal error, pride(possibly hubris), or frailty brings about his misfortune. Oedipus fits this description perfectly. Oedipus could easily have left the city of Thebes and let the plague take its course he â€Å"would be blind to misery/ not to pity [his] people kneeling at his feet†. When Apollos word comes back in the hand of Creon, Oedipus could leave the murder of Laius uninvestigated as it had been for so long, but â€Å"rising in his pride, he protests: he pits himself in some way against whatever†¦seems to him to b e wrong†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Levin 178). Oedipus can not let this investigation be overlooked; he must solve the riddle of who killed King Laius because his pride overpowers him. Oedipus pride also reveals itself again in his loyalty to the truth. Oedipus constant struggle to discover the truth for the sake of his people ruined him the most in the end. Although he is warned many times to stop seeking the truth, he keeps on searching. Oedipus need to uncover the truth about Laius and then about himself is proof of his commitment to uphold his own nature, pride. He cannot live with a lie, and therefore must learn the truth behind the illusion he has lived for so long. Teresias, Jocasta, and theShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero1541 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle (384-322 B.C.) defines a tragic hero as one who possesses the characteristics of hamartia, peripeteia, anagnorisis, and that the characters fate must be greater than deserved (Else). Since the main character in Sophocles’ classic tragedy Oedipus Rex or Oedipus the King matches up to Aristotle’s definition, Oedipus certainly exemplifies what it is to be a â€Å"tragic hero.† The play’s protagonist Oedipus is revered as a good man and intelligent ruler who acts quickly to support Thebes- a cityRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes the tragic hero as having three components which should be present in order to influence the audience. The audience must become involved emotionally with the hero so they become fearful for his welfare or well-being. The concluding suffering of the hero draws pity from the audience. Aristotle describes this emotional transition as â€Å"catharsis† which refers to the purging or releasing of emotions. This is what Aristotle believes entices audiences to watch tragedies. The hero must also beRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King987 Words   |  4 PagesWhile exemplifying the high estate, noble character, and flawed nature of Aristotle’s tragic hero, Oedipus fails to have a personal mistake become his undoing, hence denying him the status of Aristotleâ₠¬â„¢s tragic hero. A key criteria of Aristotle’s tragic hero is that he or she comes from high estate, such as a royal family. Aristotle’s definition of the tragic hero is well thought out in this manner. High status is important as it gives the character a long way to fall (Kennedy Gioia, 2013). ThisRead MoreTragic Hero In Oedipus The King1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of a tragic hero was first thought of by the philosopher Aristotle in his work, â€Å"Poetics†. In article discussing the philosopher’s ideology of a tragic hero, with emphasis on hamartia, the author states: The function of a tragedy is to arouse the emotions of pity and fear and Aristotle deduces the qualities of his hero from this function. He should be good, but not perfect, for the fall of a perfect man from happiness into misery, would be unfair and repellent and will not arouse pity. SimilarlyRead MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero987 Words   |  4 PagesLike most greek tragedies, Oedipus the King had a tragic hero whose downfall was the result of a tragic flaw. Oedipus, like other greek characters, did not see his errors until his reign was coming to an end. Oedipus, the man who saved Thebes did not understand that every good thing must come to an end. A tragic hero defined by Aristotle has five characteristics that lead to their downfall and their understanding of why the situation happened. Oedipus is the ideal tragic hero because his downfall followedRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King1156 Words   |  5 Pages The topic I chose is the tragic hero topic. There exists a number of parameters that describe a tragic hero and thus it was my desire to get to understand these parameters. It was also my desire to be in position to give the difference between normal heroes and a tragic hero and give see the main dimensions of the two figures. I preferred to work with the book by Sophocles Oedipus, the king, in order to portray the attributes of a tragic hero. The book contains adequate information concerning theRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus And King1060 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, Oedipus and Dido lost much more than that. These were two great leaders that both, suffered by losing their reputations, their sanity, and their kingdoms. These are two great examples of what a tragic character displays, according to Aristotle’s conception. Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is a distinguished person occupying a high position, living in prosperous circumstances and falling into misfortune because of an error in judgment. King Oedipus and Queen Dido are tragic charactersRead MoreOedipus the King a Tragic Hero936 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 1302-6504 Mrs.Weatherford 21 November 2011 A Tragic Hero Indeed! In Sophocles tragedy Oedipus the King, King Oedipus swears to solve the murder of former King Laios in order to free the city from the plague. The plague taunts the city destroying crops and livestock and making the women unable to bear children. A seer, Teirsias tells Oedipus that he himself is Thebes’s pollution for killing his father and marrying his mother. Oedipus ignores his words and is blind to the truth until he discoversRead MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero870 Words   |  4 Pagestragedies and his most famous being performed there. While only seven of his plays have survived, many, like Oedipus the King, are still prevalent today. It definitely meets the five main criteria for a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw, a fall from grace, a moment of remorse, and catharsis. Oedipus the King is seen as a perfect tragedy. It features a hero with a tragic flaw, Oedipus, and highlights many common themes in Greek tragedy such as fate or destiny, love, pride, loss, the abuseRead MoreOedipus : The King Of Thebes And Tragic Hero Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus: The King of Thebes and Tragic Hero Ancient Greek Literature encompasses an assortment of poetry and drama to include the great masterpieces of tragedy. In Classic Literature, tragedies were commonly known for their elaboration of a protagonist fitting the classification of a tragic hero. This type of a tragic hero often collectively described as a character of noble birth, facing an adversity of some nature and a fate of great suffering. The characteristics of what encompassed a tragic hero

Hitler’s Anti-Semitic Ideas and Medical Experiments Free Essays

In the 1930’s, during the Great Depression, Hitler was presented with an opportunity to persuade the German public of his anti-Semitic ideas through the use of propaganda. This was an easy task for Hitler to accomplish with the morale of the country already low after their defeat in World War I, 15 years prior. Germany was reeling from the effects of the New York stock market crash and the German people were seeking a leader who inspired confidence and would return hope for a better future. We will write a custom essay sample on Hitler’s Anti-Semitic Ideas and Medical Experiments or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of these factors gave Hitler’s ideas the perfect opportunity to germinate and take root in the minds of the citizenry. Hitler’s hatred was not limited to the Jewish community. Jews were only but one of the racially targeted groups that the Nazi Party sought to exterminate. Gypsies, the handicapped, homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses, and the Poles were also considered to be threats to Hitler’s cause. Additionally, the Nazi’s persecution extended to political opponents such as the Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats, and trade union leaders. Preceding Hitler’s rise to power in 1933, German anthropologists, psychiatrists, and geneticists were already researching and studying racial hygiene and eugenics. These medical professionals embraced the Nazi regime who supported their study of eugenics. Scientists were attempting to prove that there was a genetic link within the superior race that would have justified Hitler’s purging of the inferior being from the nation. German scientists needed political backing for government funding and the Nazi regime needed the scientists to legitimatize their policies of anti-Semitism. It was the perfect marriage that resulted in the prefect storm. As World War II began and the Third Reich’s anti-Semitic views continued to infect the country, the German scientists worked diligently to prefect the Master Race through experimentation of those deemed degenerate by the Nazi Regime. In October of 1939, the Nazi’s initiated Action T4 (short for Tiergartenstra? e 4), or more commonly known as the Euthanasia Program. This program was the result of a petition received by the parents of a German child born with severe disabilities requesting Hitler’s permission to have the child put to death. Hitler approved the deliberate murder of the child and authorized the creation of the Reich Committee for the Scientific Registering of Serious Hereditary and Congenital Illnesses which would oversee the approval of future applications to put children in similar circumstances to death. Soon the Euthanasia Program was extended to adults with physical and mental disabilities as well. Anyone deemed unworthy of life was murdered as part of the T4 Program as the Nazi’s attempted to cleanse the German people of racially unsound elements. In addition to the T4 Program, many painful and inhumane of experiments were performed on the gypsies, the handicapped, homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses, and the Poles. Experiments were done by physicians from the German air force and from the German Experimental Institution for Aviation in hopes of prolonging the survival of Axis military personnel. These experiments consisted of the use of a low-pressure chamber to determine the maximum altitude from which crews of damaged aircraft could parachute to safety. Freezing experiments were also done on concentration camp prisoners in hopes of finding an effective treatment for hypothermia. One experiment at Dachau was conducted to study various methods of making sea water drinkable. Many Roma gypsies were deprived food and given nothing but sea water to drink and died from dehydration as a result of this experiment. Experiments were also done to determine ways to effectively treat injured German military and occupation personnel with pharmaceuticals. Scientists used concentration camp prisoners as guinea pigs to test immunization compounds comprised of sera for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as malaria, typhus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, yellow fever, and infectious hepatitis. Bone grafting experiments were also done to test a new drug called sulfanilamide. Phosgene and mustard gas were tested on some prisoners as possible antidotes. Josef Mengele performed infamous experiments used in perfecting the Nazi’s idea of the â€Å"Master Race. Mengele conducted medical experiments on twins at the concentration camp of Auschwitz. The twins would be thoroughly measured, shaved, and photographed. They were forced to sit in vats of hot water until they passed out and would be photographed again. The twins also received hot water enemas and would be forced to suffer through painful and humiliating urological examinations. After all of these examinations were complete, the twins would be put to death by an injection in the heart and dissected for further research. In addition to these heinous experiments he also directed serological experiments on Roma gypsies, as did Werner Fischer at Sachsenhausen, in order to determine how different â€Å"races† withstood various contagious diseases. Further experiments were done in the study of sterilization to determine a cost effective way to easily sterilize those that the Nazi’s determined were racially inferior. Between the Nazi’s rise to power and their strong anti-Semitic teachings coupled with the studies already in progress by German geneticists, psychiatrists, and anthropologists the medical experiments performed during World War II were inevitable. The experiments that took place on prisoners of the concentration camps were clearly not limited to the Jews. In order for the scientists to prove their theories on racial hygiene the experiments had to be conducted on each of the races and groups that were regarded as inferior. This resulted in the gypsies, the handicapped, homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses, and the Poles falling victim to the same experiments that were conducted on the Jews in hopes of creating the â€Å"Master Race. † How to cite Hitler’s Anti-Semitic Ideas and Medical Experiments, Papers

Economics for Business In any Market Structure

Question: Discuss about the Economics for Business for In any Market Structure. Answer: In any market structure, an appropriate once-off expenditure on product differentiation will guarantee the firms ability to maximize economic profit into the future. Introduction The main aim of this part of the assignment is to discuss whether the expenditure on product differentiation guarantees firms ability to maximize profit in future in any market structure. The author in this part points that all the types of market structure does not result in positive economic profit due to expenditure on the product differentiation. Product differentiation is the concept used by the producers to exhibit their product as different from other products in order to reduce the substitution of the product. The concept is only applicable in case where there are many buyers and sellers that produce the similar types of product in the market (Baumol Blinder, 2015). There are various techniques that the producers use to distinguish their product such as advertisement, packaging, branding and discounts. Economic profit is the profit that is left with the producers after deducting opportunity cost of inputs used for the production from the revenue that is earned by selling the product. Perfectly competitive firms do not use product differentiation method and neither do they earn positive economic profit (Roberts, 2014). Hence, an appropriate once off expenditure on product differentiation will not guarantee the firms ability to maximize economic profit in any type of market structure in future. The following part analyzes the monopolistic competitive market structure to analyze the importance of product differentiation for generating positive economic profit (Zhelobodko et al., 2012). Analysis Monopolistic competition is a type of market structure where there are large number of buyers and sellers producing similar type of products. Consumers have large choice to choose from the substitutes products. The main reason to use product differentiation method is to eliminate substitutes from the market in order to increase profit. Firms make positive economic profit in short run in monopolistic competitive market. Since the firms in monopolistic market produce similar type of product and not same product, product differentiation is used to generate profit (Bertoletti Etro, 2015). The main condition for profit maximization in monopolistic competitive market is producing at a point where MR=MC. The firms in monopolistic competitive market earns positive economic profit as well incur deadweight loss in short run. In long run, the firm does not incur any profit but incur only normal profit. Monopolistically competitive market structures behave like monopolists in short run. This is explained with a help of diagram as shown below. Figure: Monopolistic competitions in short run (Source: created by author) The firms in a monopolistic competitive market have no control over the price. This is the reason why they face a downward sloping demand curve in short run. Presence of both the average and the fixed costs leads the firms to face a U shaped average cost curve. The main aim of all the firms is to maximize profit and the profit maximizing condition for the firm in short run is at a point where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost (Novshek, 2014). The above diagram shows that firms in monopolistically competitive market will produce until a point where MR is equal to MC. The price will be determined from the downward sloping demand curve. The economic profit is marked in pink in the above diagram. Price is marked from the point in the demand curve while the cost is calculated from the average cost curve. The gap between the revenue and cost is the economic profit. The firm also faces a deadweight loss that is measured by the difference in the producer and consumer surplus. It is marked in a brown triangle in the above diagram. The more the product is differentiated in the market the more steeper is the demand curve. Earning profit is only possible in short run. Seeing firms earn profit new firms join in the long run that produce similar type of product. The competition of the firms increase which makes it difficult for the firms to produce goods that are differentiated in nature. Hence, in long run the firms only earn normal profit due to failure of product differentiation (Gabszewicz Wauthy, 2014). In case of a perfectly competitive market where there are large number of buyers and sellers, the concept of product differentiation is not applicable. This is so because the producers produce same type of products that acts as substitute for the consumers. Hence, firms in perfectly competitive market also earn normal profit and the differentiation is done based on price (Makowski, 2014). In case of oligopoly market structure, few sellers produce the similar type of product. The sellers have control over the price and hence product differentiation is not applicable in such market structure. Product differentiation is only applicable in case of monopolistic competitions that too in short run (Liu Zhang, 2013). In case of monopolistic competition market, the two main characteristics are that the competitors perceive over non-price difference products and the firms have no price control over the product. The cross elasticity of demand is the degree or responsiveness of change in demand of one good that is affected by the price of the other good. If the cross elasticity of demand is high for the good in the market then the product differentiation will lead to negative economic profit. This is so because the expenditure on the product differentiation adds on to the cost that increases the average total cost (Makadok Ross, 2013). The average total cost will exceed the price charged by the firm that will lead the firms incur loss in short run. Hence, it can be seen that product differentiation does not lead to positive economic profit in all the situations or the market condition. Profit maximization condition occurs at a biggest gap of total revenue and total cost. Conclusion The above discussion shows that the expenditure on product differentiation to earn economic profit does not guarantee positive income in all the market structures and conditions. Product differentiation guarantees firms to maximize profit only in monopolistic competitive firm that too only in short run because the firms acts as monopolists. In long run the firms incur only normal profit. Hence, in any market structure, an appropriate once-off expenditure on product differentiation does not guarantee the firms ability to maximize economic profit into the future. 2: Economics has difficulty in explaining why wage rates for individuals vary across occupations and industries and within occupations and industries. Introduction Various economic factors explain the reasons for variations in the wages of employees across occupation and industries. There are various theories such as wage differentials and minimum wage that explains the reason for the variation in wages of employees. The labor market and the variations is due to the misbalance in labor demand and supply. The misbalance is due to the difference in skills and education. This type of unemployment is known as structural a frictional unemployment (Ehrenberz Smith, 2016). Wage rate is not uniform for all the occupation and industries. It varies on the skills that the employees posses and the budget that firms have for the production of goods and services. Since no two jobs have same characteristics this is the major reason for the wages to vary. Economics and statistics can be used to discuss the reason for the variation in wages of labor in the market. The differences occur due to differences in education and desirability of the job. Analysis Minimum wage is the minimum wage set by the government that the employer must give to its employees. The problem with the minimum wage theory is that the government sets a uniform wage for the employees irrespective of their degree of education. This leads the decrease in wages of employees with experience and knowledge. It is beneficial for the employees that are unskilled in nature (Low Pay Commission, 2013). Figure: Minimum wage theory (Source: Created by author) Wage differentials are also known as inter firm or inter area differentials. Method of percentile wages is used to measure the differences in the wages of employees in industries and occupation. Wage difference is the difference between the wages of high earners and low earners. The wage differential theory states five reasons for the differences in wages that are: Occupational differences Inter firm differentials Regional differences Inter industry differences Personal wage differences (Lane, Salmon Spletzer, 2013). Occupational differences The main reason for the differences in wages of employees is difference in the educational qualification and the training that the employee has undergone. People with higher degree and qualification get higher wages than the ones with lower wages. Occupational differences of wages encourages people to take more challenging and complex tasks as skilled people get higher wages than the unskilled people (Fujita Thisse, 2013). Human capital that is the skills that is required to enter the job market varies in people that cause the differences to arise in wages. Inter firm differences Inter firm differences in wages occur due to differences in the quality of labor, imperfections in the labor market and differences in equipment and supervision. Managerial efficiency and other facilities also add on to the differences in the wages. Inter industry differences Not only do the wages vary across occupations and firms but also in industry. The reason for the variation in wages in industries is the variations in the product market, industries ability to pay and the unionization. Occupational wages across industry and employer (Neumuller, 2015). The wages differ from one to the other due to differences in the working conditions, training requirement, company name and clientele. Trade unions and their collective bargaining power Trade unions are the group of employees with equal demand from employees. Bargaining power is the power that they hold to fight with their employees over the demand of the employees. If the unionization of labor is strong in a particular area then the wages of those employees is higher as the employers have the fear of losing the employees. Unionization plays a great role in describing the reason for the variation in wages (Amiti Davis, 2012). Compensating wage differentials Employees with higher skills are paid higher wages. Employees that undertake the risky jobs and complex tasks are paid higher wages in form of compensation and reward. If the contribution of the employees is high towards the revenue then get higher wages. This is the reason for the variation in wages. In a competitive labor market, it is the wages that compensates the opportunity cost that they have to incur that is in form of education or leisure activity. The differences in wages depend on various factors such as social, ethical, political, economical, geographical and behavioral. The economic factors that affect the differences in wages are: Demand and supply of workers Bargaining power Cost of living Condition of product market Comparative wages Ability to pay Productivity of labor Job requirements Government policy And goodwill of the company (Van Kerm, 2013). Conclusion The above analysis shows that economics describes the reasons for the variation in wages using various economic theories such as minimum wage theory and wage differentials. Wage percentile is calculated in statistics, which in turn depends on the economic factors of wage differences. Wages depends on the skills, type of work, occupation, education and market in which they work. References Amiti, M., Davis, D. R. (2012). Trade, firms, and wages: Theory and evidence.The Review of economic studies,79(1), 1-36. Baumol, W. J., Blinder, A. S. (2015).Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Bertoletti, P., Etro, F. (2015). Monopolistic competition when income matters.The Economic Journal. Ehrenberg, R. G., Smith, R. S. (2016).Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge. Fujita, M., Thisse, J. F. (2013).Economics of agglomeration: cities, industrial location, and globalization. Cambridge university press. Gabszewicz, J. J., Wauthy, X. Y. (2014). Vertical product differentiation and two-sided markets.Economics Letters,123(1), 58-61. Lane, J. I., Salmon, L. A., Spletzer, J. R. (2013).Establishment wage differentials. BiblioGov. Liu, Q., Zhang, D. (2013). Dynamic pricing competition with strategic customers under vertical product differentiation.Management Science,59(1), 84-101. Low Pay Commission. (2013).National Minimum Wage: Low Pay Commission Report 2013(Vol. 8565). The Stationery Office. Makadok, R., Ross, D. G. (2013). Taking industry structuring seriously: A strategic perspective on product differentiation.Strategic Management Journal,34(5), 509-532. Makowski, L. (2014). Perfect Competition, the Profit Criterion, and the Organiza-tion of Economic Activity.Journal of Economic Theory,22, 105-25. Neumuller, S. (2015). Inter-industry wage differentials revisited: Wage volatility and the option value of mobility.Journal of Monetary Economics,76, 38-54. Novshek, W. (2014). Equilibrium in simple spatial (or differentiated product) models.Noncooperative Approaches to the Theory of Perfect Competition,3, 199. Roberts, K. (2014). The limit points of monopolistic competition.Noncooperative Approaches to the Theory of Perfect Competition,3, 141. Van Kerm, P. (2013). Generalized measures of wage differentials.Empirical Economics,45(1), 465-482. Zhelobodko, E., Kokovin, S., Parenti, M., Thisse, J. F. (2012). Monopolistic competition: Beyond the constant elasticity of substitution.Econometrica,80(6), 2765-2784.